Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2
Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Plant Protection Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran
3
Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4
Ph.D. Student of Weed Science, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
The spread of weed resistance to herbicides threatens both Iranian and global agriculture. In 2019, a study was conducted to ascertain the resistance of Vaccaria spp. to conventional herbicides used in wheat fields. The study employed a completely randomized design, which included five treatments and five replications. The 25 biotypes were collected from 16 cities across five provinces through a national call. To assess the resistance of these biotypes, herbicide treatments, including iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron (Atlantis), tribenuron-methyl (Granstar), 2,4-D + MCPA (U46 Combi-Fluid), bromoxynil + MCPA (Bromicide MA), and iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron + diflufenican (Othello), were applied at the recommended dose per hectare according to the Moss and Adkins evaluation method. Subsequently, a population distribution map was created using ArcGIS Pro software, categorizing biotypes into three groups: resistant, developed resistant, and sensitive to herbicides. The results indicated that seven biotypes (28%) were resistant to Granstar herbicide, two biotypes (8%) to Atlantis herbicide, and one biotype (4%) was resistant to Othello herbicide. Additionally, three biotypes (12%) were classified in the developed resistant group for Granstar herbicide, one biotype (4%) for Atlantis herbicide, and two biotypes (8%) for Othello herbicide. Notably, based on the evaluation criteria of Adkins and Moss, all collected biotypes were sensitive to the two herbicides, U46 Cambi Floyd and Bromicid MA.
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