Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Investigating the effect of some common fungicides against gray mold disease on greenhouse-grown cucumbers 1 10 4761 10.22103/japp.2025.24975.1025 EN Ali Abbasi Assistant Professor of Plant Medicine Research Department, Southern Kerman Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Agricultural Education and Extension Malihe Afshari Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran Hamidreza Alizadeh Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran Seid Mohammad Alavi Siney Horticulture Crops Research Department. South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Jiroft. Iran. Journal Article 2025 03 13 Gray mold disease in cucumber plants is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which significantly affects various crops, including beans, lettuce, peas, tomatoes, and cucumbers. The fungus infects all aerial parts of the plant and typically enters through wounds. Spores of this pathogen manifest as gray mold under high relative humidity conditions. Given the severity of the damage caused by this fungus, chemical control measures are essential. Various fungicides exhibit different efficacies against B. cinerea; therefore, identifying the most effective options is crucial. In this study, the fungicides Signum (1.5 g/L), Rovral-TS WP (1 g/L), Luna Sensation 500 SC (0.4 g/L), Bellkute (500 g/ha), Nativo (160 g/ha), Daconil (2 L/ha), and Captan 72% WP (2.5 g/L), were evaluated for their effectiveness against the disease. These doses were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The fungicides were tested using a randomized complete block design with four replications, which included two control treatments: one with spraying and one without. All applied fungicides reduced the number of infected fruits and flowers compared to the untreated control. However, Signum and Luna demonstrated the most significant effects, reducing infected flowers by 47% and 17%, respectively. Moreover, these fungicides effectively lowered the amount of fruit shriveled and visible mycelium and spore coverage by 54% and 23%, respectively, compared to the control. Our results indicate that Signum and Luna effectively manage B. cinerea in cucumber greenhouse production.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4761_5d3e8efd0f25ebb8a242507f9093ab80.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, with non-chemical products on greenhouse-grown tomatoes 11 28 4843 10.22103/japp.2025.24882.1023 EN Mohsen - Rafiei Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran. Majid Olia Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran. Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani Plant Protection Research Department, Deputy Director of Isfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran. 0000-0001-6753-147X Parisa Mashayekhi Soil and Water Research Department, Esfahan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Esfahan, AREEO, Iran. 0000-0001-9941-6927 Arman Nasr-Esfahani Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Journal Article 2025 02 28 In this research, the efficiency of Tricuran-P (Trichoderma harzianum) (8 kg/ha); Formaycin Gold Px 21% (Pakgostar Com., Iran) for the non-chemical management of the Meloidogyne javanica at the greenhouse level at three concentration rates (6, 8, and 10 L/ha); Nitroxin (5 L/ha); EM (5 L/ha); Fenamiphos (Nemacur® 400CE es) (15 gr/m2); and Phytohumic (10 L/ha) along with irrigation water was used in comparison with the infected and non-inoculated ones in a completely randomized design at three-time intervals of every three weeks, and the experiment was repeated twice. The results indicated that the fewest J2 in the soil were found with Nemacur (5.5) and Tricuran-P (5.8), while the most were in Formycine 6 (21.1) and Nitroxin (20.0). Nemacur (13.4) and EM (14.5) had the lowest number of eggs and J2 in the root, while Formycine 6 (1.96) had the highest. At the same time, the lowest number of root galls was in Formaycin 10 (3.5) and EM (3.7), and the highest ones were in Tricuran-P (0.5), Nitroxin (4.8), and Phytohumic (4.8), respectively. Nemacur also had the lowest number of egg masses (0.4). Increasing the concentration of Formaycin led to a decrease in the number of egg masses. Nemacur (110) and Tricuran-P (116), respectively, had the lowest J2 reproduction factor in the soil. Cumulatively, as it was shown, Formaycin 10 L/ha can control the RKNs and can compete relatively compared to Fenamiphos (Nemacur) and other relevant bio-fertilizers in this research.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4843_4647f195080b8bf585a64c5d787dad8b.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Molecular characteristics of a 16SrII subgroup C phytoplasma strain associated with camelthorn witches'-broom disease in Iran 29 36 4860 10.22103/japp.2025.25214.1028 EN Seyyed Alireza Esmaeilzadeh-Hosseini Plant Protection Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Salehi Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Fars, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 04 Camelthorn (Alhagi spp.) is an ecologically significant perennial weed in Iran. A recent survey indicated a potential phytoplasma-induced disease affecting its populations. Since 2017, symptoms such as the little leaf, yellowing, internode shortening, witches’-broom, and stunting have been noted in camelthorn plants in Chahgeer (Abarkooh, Yazd Province). To identify the causal agent, total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants and analyzed using nested PCR with P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs. Phytoplasma DNA was detected exclusively in symptomatic plants. Sequence analysis confirmed a high degree of identity with previously characterized 16SrII-C subgroup phytoplasma strains. Additionally, simulated RFLP, pairwise homology, and phylogenetic analyses further validated its classification within the 16SrII-C subgroup. The identified phytoplasma is closely related to pathogens causing witches’ broom disease in regional crops, including Prunus armeniaca, Daucus sativa, Prunus persica, and Medicago sativa, suggesting its possible role in disease epidemiology. This study provides the first molecular evidence linking camelthorn witches’-broom to 16SrII-C phytoplasma, highlighting its significance in the spread of phytoplasma-associated diseases in the region.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4860_44327dbd3c52f0dcf0757c2cfb9991d4.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Population structure and group diversity of soil mites (Acari) in pistachio orchards of Kerman Province, Iran 37 44 4866 10.22103/japp.2025.25346.1031 EN Sayed Davoud Ziarazavi Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mehdi Sarcheshmehpour Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mahdieh Asadi Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture Shahid BahonarUniversity of Kerman Kerman -Iran 0000-0002-3038-8486 Majid Moradi Faradonbeh Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Journal Article 2025 05 27 Due to the lack of basic studies, we analyzed the mite fauna of pistachio orchard soils in Kerman province, the largest pistachio-growing area in Iran. A total of 180 soil samples were collected from the shaded areas beneath pistachio trees across different regions, including Sirjan, Rafsanjan, Zarand, Baghin, and Mahan. The soil samples were collected from three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) during four seasons, with three replicates each, and then transported to the laboratory. The mites were extracted using a Berlese-Tullgren funnel and cleared using lactic acid, mounted, and identified at family, genus, and species levels. The ten mite families Ascidae, Laelapidae, Phytoseiidae, Rhodacaridae, Neopygmephoridae, Acaridae, Phthiracaridae, Oppiidae, Euphthiracaridae, and Epilohmaniidae were collected. The most frequently found species were Arctoseius cetratus (Ascidae), Gaeolaelaps nolli and G. aculeifer (Laelapidae), Typhloderomus bakeri (Phytoseiidae), Multidentrodacarus denticulatus (Rhodacaridae), Pseudopygmephorus tarsalis and Kerdabania quadrata (Neopygmephorididae), Rhizoglyphus robini, Tyrophagus perniciosus, Tyrophagus javensis (Acaridae), and Metagynella paradoxa (Metagynuridae). The highest number of mites in all studied areas was found at the first depth (0 to 15 cm), and mites were most abundant in the summer and spring when soil moisture and temperature were appropriate. This is the first study of the mite fauna of soils in pistachio orchards in the world. It provides a more profound understanding of the habitat requirements of soil mites, thereby improving their use as effective bioindicators of soil quality.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4866_c6103572f344fb13a366ff5e9cb9861a.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Surveying and mapping the distribution of herbicide-resistant cleavers (Galium aparine L.) in important wheat-growing regions of Iran 45 56 4867 10.22103/japp.2025.25181.1027 EN Behrooz Khalil Tahmasebi Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Plant Protection Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran Eskandar Zand Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Mohammad Roozkhosh Lecturer of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran Habibeh Soltani Ph.D. Student of Weed Science, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Hamidreza Sasanfar Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 01 Cleavers (Galium aparine L., Family Rubiaceae) is one of the most troublesome weeds in wheat fields across Iran, which is typically controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting and auxin-mimic herbicides. However, recent reports have indicated the noneffectiveness of these common herbicides in controlling this weed. The objective of this study was to evaluate different ecotypes of G. aparine for resistance to the following herbicides: iodosulfuron-methyl sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl + the safener mefenpyr-diethyl (MI), iodosulfuron-methyl + mesosulfuron-methyl + diflufenican + mefenpyr-diethyl (MD), tribenuron-methyl (TM), 2,4-D + MCPA (DM), and bromoxynil + MCPA (BM). The biotypes were collected from wheat fields in the Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Ilam Provinces. The results indicated that G. aparine exhibits multiple resistances to the following herbicide combinations: MI, MD, TM, and BM. The findings revealed that different biotypes of G. aparine display higher resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of multiple resistances in G. aparine in the target regions, it is recommended to adopt non-chemical control methods, such as crop rotation, and integrate herbicides with alternative modes of action (different chemical groups) into management practices. Localizing the knowledge of weed resistance to herbicides in the country and providing appropriate management information by considering the specific conditions of each region and farmer by the experts in this field to the farmers is a necessary matter and requires immediate action.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4867_cd9f975de9df79fde05d80b47f6ed032.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Armillaria root rot on some plant species in Pasargad County, Fars Province (Iran) 57 70 4868 10.22103/japp.2025.25399.1032 EN Hamid Mohammadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Hadi Panahi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mahboobeh Sohrabi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2025 06 07 Armillaria species (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) cause root and crown rot diseases on a wide range of plant species including fruit, forest, and ornamental trees throughout the world. During the fall and spring of 2023 and 2024, signs and disease symptoms similar to those of Armillaria root and crown rot were observed on Atlantic pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), elm (Ulmus minor and Ulmus sp.) as well as Iranian rose (Rosa damascena) in Pasargad County, Fars Province, Iran. This study aimed to isolate and identify suspected basidiomycetes associated with the decline of these plants. Root and crown samples from the affected trees as well as the basidiocarps were collected. Rotted tissues were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Monosporic cultures were also obtained from each collected basidiocarp. Cultural identifications of 10 representative isolates were confirmed by sequence analysis of a partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) gene using EF595F and EF1160R primers. According to the results, all fungal isolates were identified as Armillaria mellea. Literature review indicates this is the first report of A. mellea on P. atlantica, A. altissima, and R. damascene and first record of this fungus on P. orientalis, F. excelsior and Ulmus spp. in Fars Province.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4868_864ffe250a09641396e5dfce2bf51c81.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 Antagonistic Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from citrus rhizosphere effective against Phytophthora nicotianae 71 78 4870 10.22103/japp.2025.25256.1030 EN Mehdi Azadvar Head, Plant Protection Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kerman, Iran Parvin Mirzaee Horticulture Group, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Jiroft, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 13 Citrus root rot, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most important diseases affecting citrus trees worldwide. This study aimed to isolate, identify, characterize, and evaluate the antagonistic effect of bacilli rhizobacteria isolated from the citrus rhizosphere in Kerman province, Iran, against P. nicotiana. According to the in vitro dual culture bioassays, five out of 67 Bacillus-like isolates showing the highest antagonistic effect were selected and characterized using phenotypic and PCR-based molecular tests for identification. Phenotypic characteristics and nucleotide sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolates were highly similar and belonged to Bacillus thuringiensis. Findings enhance our understanding of the importance and potential role of B. thuringiensis isolates as biocontrol agents against P. nicotianae, offering a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for managing citrus root rot disease in integrated management and sustainable agriculture programs. These five antagonist isolates could be further evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments for their commercial exploitation.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4870_65b992642db8daa1367a1a33006f3f39.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Association of Iranian Plant Protection Scientific Societies Journal of Advances in Plant Protection 3060-5954 2 1 2025 06 01 First report of beet curly top Iran virus infecting cantaloupe in Iran 79 80 4872 10.22103/japp.2025.25439.1033 EN Maryam Esmaeili Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 7616914111, Kerman/IRAN. Jahangir Heydarnejad Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 7616914111, Kerman/IRAN. Journal Article 2025 06 14 The family Geminiviridae comprises a large group of plant-infecting viruses with twined particles and one or two molecules of circular single-stranded DNA genome (Navas-Castillo & Fiallo-Olivé 2021). During a survey for identification of geminivirus-infecting crops in 2017, diseased cantaloupe plants (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo) (n=10) showing cup-shaped and crinkling leaves symptoms (Fig. 1) were sampled from Sabzevar farms in the west of Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Total DNA were extracted from diseased samples using a CTAB method followed by enrichment of circular DNA molecules of the samples using rolling circle amplification (RCA) method and phi29 DNA polymerase enzyme (TempliPhi, GE Healthcare, USA) as previously described by Shepherd et al. (2008). Subsequently, restriction pattern of the samples was analyzed using different enzymes. Due to identical restriction pattern of the resulted digested RCA product, the sample Ta-109 was chosen and HindIII restricted RCA product (~2.9 kb in size) was cloned into the HindIII digested pGreen0029 plasmid followed by Sanger sequencing of a part (976 bp) of the recombinant plasmid. The resulted sequence of the isolate Ta-109 was used to search the database using basic local alignment search tool (BLASTn) (Altschul et al., 1990). Results indicated that beet curly top Iran virus (Becurtovirus betae, family Geminiviridae) is associated with the cantaloupe sample.

https://japp.uk.ac.ir/article_4872_fd3b9a42114747b63ca5fc4c1b4004b8.pdf